[语言交流]语法术语杂烩

开这帖的设想是即兴的添砖加瓦，本来要用那个草下鬼的那个字，不料费了劲却一时找不到，用火旁来慢慢弄，看看什么怪味。还有“多语”的要素不好意思就放在题目，怕弄得不多。应该是个长期更新的计划，不知能否成其是。既然杂烩，就暂不分类。到了分类时，才制成表格。
 
从早上读的训故来开始，英文大概相当于philology。德文、法文philologie, 希腊文φιλολογία
 
动词 Verb 拉丁文Verbum 希腊文Ρήμα 兴地文क्रिया (व्याकरण) {嗯，和梵文相关的vibakti?}
 
Inflection 词形变化
 
Morphology 词法
 
Syntax 句法
 
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查段晴《波泥你语法入门》，vibhakti直译作“变异”（绪论第VII页）。
[ 此帖被liumx2000在2011-05-23 10:45重新编辑 ]
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accusative,德文akkusativ源自拉丁文accūsātīvus 名词变格(declension)中指直接承受者，所以“受格”。季羡林译为“业格”；吴汝钧译为“对格”；周展译为“宾格”。据说是拉丁文翻译古希腊文aitiatikē错译的.

The English name "accusative (case)" is an Anglicisation of the Latin accūsātīvus (cāsus), which was translated from Ancient Greek (ptôsis) aitiatikḗ. The Greek term can mean either "(inflection) for something caused" or "for an accusation". The intended meaning was likely the first, which would be translated as Latin causātīvus or effectīvus, but the Latin term was a translation of the second. Compare Russian вини́тельный vinítel’nyj, from винить vinít’ "to blame".

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见识一篇偶然搜索得来的老美论文，普遍语法：
http://informatics.indiana.edu/rocha/univgram.html